What is x gal?

X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) is a popular chromogenic substrate for the detection of beta-galactosidase activity in molecular biology research. It is used in various applications like reporter gene assays, transformation experiments, and gene expression analysis. When beta-galactosidase cleaves X-gal, it produces a blue precipitant inside the cell. This blue color can be detected using various techniques such as microscopy, spectrophotometry, or gel electrophoresis, to determine the level of gene expression or the presence of the gene. X-gal is relatively non-toxic and easy to handle, making it a valuable tool for researchers. It also has a long shelf life and can be stored at room temperature.